The Somaliland Impasse: De Facto State, De Jure Somalia
More than thirty-four years after its unilateral declaration of independence in May 1991, Somaliland remains one of the most complex and singular cases in contemporary international law.
The Special Operations Republic: How the U.S. Is Building a New Somalia Without Mogadishu
Somalia is now managed primarily as a specialized security theater, hollowing out Mogadishu's monopoly on the legitimate use of force—the foundational attribute of any sovereign state.
Shadows Over Mudug: History, Clan Diplomacy, and the End of the PSF
The city of Galkayo, the capital of the Mudug region, which has historically been an arena for political and clan power struggles, this week hosted one of the most severe…
Ethiopia on the Brink: Shererina Clashes Signal Collapse of Pretoria Accord
The heavy fighting that erupted in western Tigray before dawn on Saturday has entered its fourth day, with the front line settling into an uneasy, fragile calm as of Tuesday…